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Ionizing Radiations in Biomedicine

Code 13452
Year 3
Semester S2
ECTS Credits 6
Workload PL(30H)/T(30H)
Scientific area Biomedical Sciences
Entry requirements Do not exist.
Mode of delivery Face-to-face Professor-centered teaching, with active participation of students.
Work placements Not applicable.
Learning outcomes Study the phenomena of basic nuclear physics and the foundations of physics of ionizing radiation required for the primary understanding of various spectroscopic/imaging techniques such as nuclear medicine, X-ray techniques, as well as the protection against ionizing radiation.

At the end of UC students should be able to: explain precisely the physical concepts, laws and principles of basic nuclear physics and the foundations of physics of ionizing radiation essential to the understanding of various modern techniques with biomedical applications. Acquire skills to solve and discuss problems, of intermediate level, in basic nuclear physics areas, processes of radiation interaction with matter and radiation detection. Develop experimental techniques to implement simple experiments of basic nuclear physics, ionizing radiation interaction with matter and detection of ionizing radiation and to analyze, interpret and present the experimental results.
Syllabus 1. Atomic Structure
1.1 The Nuclear Atom
1.2 Electron Orbits
1.3 Atomic Spectra
1.4 The Bohr Atom
1.5 Energy Levels
1.6 Correspondence Principle
1.7 Nuclear Motion

2. Nuclear Transformations
2.1 Radioactive Decay
2.2 Half-Life
2.3 Radioactive Series
2.4 Alpha Decay
2.5 Beta Decay
2.6 Gamma Decay
2.7 Cross Section
2.8 Nuclear Reactions

3. Interactions of Radiation with Matter
3.1 Radiation Dose and Units
3.2 Radiation Dose Calculations
3.3 Interaction Processes of charged particles
3.4 Photon Interactions
3.5 Photon Attenuation and Absorption
3.6 Energy Transfer and Absorption by Photons
3.7 Exposure

4. Clinical Radiation Generators
4.1 kilovoltage units
4.2 Van de Graaff generator
4.3 Linear accelerator
4.4 Betatron
4.5 Microtron
4.6 Cyclotron
4.7 Machines using radionuclides
4.8 Heavy particle beams
Main Bibliography Concepts of Modern Physics, A. Beiser, 6th ed., McGraw-Hill, New York, 2003. (cap. 4, 11 e 12)
Physics for Radiation Protection, James E. Martin, Handbook, 2nd Ed., Wiley-VCH, 2006. (cap. 7 e 9)
The Physics of Radiation Therapy, Faiz M. Khan and John P. Gibbons, 5th Ed., LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS, a WOLTERS KLUWER business, 2014. (cap. 4)
Introductory Nuclear Physics, K. S. Krane, John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1988.
Physics in Nuclear Medicine, S. R. Cherry, J. A. Sorenson, M. E. Phelps, 3rd ed., Saunders, Philadelphia, 2003.
Radiation Physics for Medical Physicists, Ervin B. Podgorsak, 2nd ed., Springer, 2010.

Teaching Methodologies and Assessment Criteria Oral exposition theoretical lectures (TE) using audiovisual media for presentation, explanation and discussion of the syllabus of the course, supplemented with the solving of application problems where student participation is strongly encouraged. Implementation of practical works (in laboratory practical classes - PL) by the students using databases and simulation programs dedicated to issues of radioactive decay and interaction of radiation with matter.
Final evaluation of the UC will be comprised by a written test and a continuous component:
1. Punctual assessment will be carried through a written test with a weight of 70% in the calculation of the final classification;
2. Continuous assessment (with a weight of 30% in the calculation of the final grade).
Language Portuguese. Tutorial support is available in English.
Last updated on: 2024-03-08

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