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Philosophy of History

Philosophy of History

Code	15578
Year	3
Semester	S2
ECTS Credits	6
Workload	OT(15H)/TP(45H)
Scientific area	Philosophy
Entry requirements	None.
Learning outcomes	1. Reflect on the field of study of the Philosophy of History and its specificity as a branch of Philosophy. 2. Examine the main philosophical conceptions of history, their interpretations, key concepts, and impact on contemporary thought. 3. Understand, interpret, identify, and present the main ideas and concepts of a Philosophy of History text. 4. Recognize and highlight the identities and differences between past philosophies of history and the major debates in contemporary philosophy of history. 5. Comprehend the evolution of the study of the Philosophy of History from the modern era to the contemporary period. 6. Identify the main aspects of the Philosophy of History and its relationship with issues of society, politics, morality, and the world in general. 7. Explore the impacts of digital technology and new media on the construction of history, collective memory, and the very conception of temporality.
Syllabus	1. What do we talk about when we talk about the Philosophy of History? Temporality and historicity. 2. The emergence of “historical” time: progress and the future. The problem of the meaning of history. 3. An approach to the Philosophy of History in Kant, Hegel, and Marx. 4. Critiques of historical teleologies: Schopenhauer and Nietzsche. 5. Approach to Walter Benjamin’s Philosophy of History. 6. Approach to Foucault’s Philosophy of History. 7. Against historicist philosophy (Karl Popper). 8. Eschatology and post-history: the end of history (Francis Fukuyama). 9. Postmodernism and the crisis of historical narrative (Jean-François Lyotard). 10. History as simulacrum (Jean Baudrillard). 11. Post-truth and history as an instrument of power. 12. Is there still room for the Philosophy of History? The digital revolution and the future of the Philosophy of History: virtualization and new temporality. Alienation and the end of the past.
Main Bibliography	BAUDRILLARD, Jean; Simulacros e Simulação, Relógio D’Água, Lisboa, 1991 BAUDRILLARD, Jean; A Ilusão do Fim ou a Greve dos Acontecimentos, Terramar, Lisboa, 1995 BENJAMIN, Walter; O Anjo da História, Assírio & Alvim, Lisboa, 2008 COLLINGWOOD, R. G.; A Ideia de História, Editorial Presença, Lisboa, 1994 FOUCAULT, Michel; A Arqueologia do Saber, Edições 70, Lisboa, 2018 GARDINER, Patrick; Teorias da História, Fundação Calouste Gulbenkian, Lisboa, 1984 JEUDY, Henri-Pierre; A Sociedade Transbordante, Século XXI, Lisboa, 1995 KANT, Immanuel; A Paz Perpétua e Outros Opúsculos, Edições 70, Lisboa, 2008 KOSELLECK, Reinhart; Futuro Passado: contribuição à semântica dos tempos históricos, Contraponto, Rio de Janeiro, 2006 KUKKANEN, Jouno-Matti (Ed.); Philosophy of History: Twenty-First-Century Perspectives, Bloomsbury Academic, London, 2021 LYOTARD, Jean-François; A Condição Pós-Moderna, Gradiva, Lisboa, 1989 POPPER, Karl; A Sociedade Aberta e os Seus Inimigos (vol. I e II), Edições 70, Lisboa,
Language	Portuguese. Tutorial support is available in English.