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Modern Thought

Code 16970
Year 2
Semester S1
ECTS Credits 6
Workload OT(15H)/TP(45H)
Scientific area Philosophy
Entry requirements It does not have.
Learning outcomes 1. To identify the main vectors of modern paradigm. 2. To fully characterize the rationalist trend and to verify its importance for and in modernity. 3. To characterize empirism and to attest its importance for and in modernity. 4. To portray transcendental idealism and understand the surmount of rationalism and end empirism.
Syllabus 1- Renaissance and Modernity: Humanism of the 15th and 16th centuries and its main philosophical themes.
2- Characterization of modernity: review of the main interpretations of modernity and the main vectors of the modern paradigm.
3- The transformation of the representation of the cosmos: ?From the closed world to the infinite universe?.
4- Methodological foundation of modern science: reason and experience in Galileo.
5- Descartes and the ratio cognoscendi. Rationality understood as the criterion in Meditations on First Philosophy. The importance of doubt and the founding character of the cogito. God and causality. Reason and will.
6- David Hume and reason: scientific knowledge and the constriction of rational activity. Empiricism and skepticism: sensitive impressions and ideas,
imagination, belief and types of knowledge.
7- Kant's Transcendental Idealism as a way to overcome rationalism and empiricism.
Main Bibliography -Descartes, Meditações de Filosofia Primeira, trad. Gustavo Fraga, Coimbra, Almedina, 1976;
- Hume, An Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding, Oxford ,Clarendon Press, 1975 - A Treatise of Human Nature (book I, part IV), Oxford ,Clarendon Press, 1958. Edição de referência: Hume. The Philosophical Works, ed. T.H. Green & T.H. Grose, 4 vols, London, 1874-5. (Facsimile reprint, Darmstadt, 1964). (Traduções portuguesas: Investigação Sobre o Entendimento Humano, trad. Artur Morão, Lisboa, Edições 70, 1985; Investigação Sobre o Entendimento Humano, trad. João Paulo Monteiro em Tratados Filosóficos I, Lisboa, Imprensa Nacional Casa da Moeda, 2002;
Kant: . KANT, Immanuel, Crítica da Razão Pura, Trad. de Manuela Pinto dos Santos e Alexandre Fradique Morujão, Introd. e Notas de Alexandre Fradique Morujão, Fundação Calouste Gulbenkian, Lisboa, 1994.
Teaching Methodologies and Assessment Criteria Criteria: two written tests (45% + 45%); attendance and active participation in proposed activities + final interview (10%). Factors such as the active participation in the proposed activities, attendance (the program was thought assuming the actual presence of the students) punctuality, as well as the students' overall behavior (such as the interest shown, the pertinence or objectivity of the interventions will be some of the points appreciated). Admission to Exam:
. The evaluation that allows access to the Exam is 6 (Six) Values.
. Only those students who meet all the elements for the continuous assessment provided in the item "Evaluation" are admitted to the Exam.
Language Portuguese. Tutorial support is available in English.
Last updated on: 2025-01-06

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