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Fundamentals of Economics

Code 17782
Year 2
Semester S1
ECTS Credits 6
Workload TP(60H)
Scientific area Economics
Entry requirements NA
Learning outcomes The course aims are to:
1. Introduce economics, its fundamentals, and its nature as a social science;
2. Introduce the main analytical tools used in economic analysis;
3. Explain the concepts of demand and supply and the roles played by consumers, producers, market structures and government in determining market and economic outcomes;
4. Explain the concepts of aggregate demand and aggregate supply, the levels of overall economic activity, prices and employment as well as the business cycle, the balance of payments and the implications of a persistent current account deficit;
5. Enable students to participate in debates on current economic events and issues;
6. Develop the students’ ability to organise work activities and communicate effectively.
Syllabus I - Introduction to Economics - 1.1 What Does Economics Study? 1.2 How Does an Economist Think?; 1.3 Levels of Economic Analysis: Macroeconomics and Microeconomics; 1.4 Positive Economics and Normative Economics; 1.5 Economics and Power; II - Market: Prices and Quantities - 2.1 Supply and Demand; 2.2 Market Equilibrium and Prices; 2.3 Competitive Markets and Monopoly; 2.4 International Trade; III - Markets and Public Policy - 3.1 Externalities, Private Optimum and Social Optimum; 3.2 Government Goods and Public Policy; 3.5 Government Intervention; IV - Macroeconomics and Economic Performance - 4.1 GDP; 4.2 Aggregate Demand, Aggregate Supply and Employment; 4.3 Shocks, Economic Fluctuations, Inflation and Unemployment; 4.4 Macroeconomic Stabilisation; 4.5 Economic Cycles and Monetary and Fiscal Policy; V – Economic Growth: Economic Policy Challenges - 5.1 Sustained Growth; 5.2 Economic Growth and Fiscal Policy: Deficit and Debt.
Main Bibliography - Krugman, P. e Wells, R. (2024), Economics, 7th edition, Macmillan Learning.
- CORE - Economics for a changing world: The Economy 1.0 /The Economy 2.0, a free ebook (languages – English, Português; French, Italian and Spanish). https://books.core-econ.org/the-economy/index.html (other important resources are available).
- CORE: Economy, Society, and Public Policy, a free ebook. https://books.core-econ.org/the-economy/index.html
- Textos disponibilizados no Moodle.
Teaching Methodologies and Assessment Criteria Classes are based on face-to-face activities, online resources (Moodle), and close contact with the teacher. The assessment process is based on two tests (0.5 each).
Language Portuguese. Tutorial support is available in English.
Last updated on: 2025-10-02

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