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Learning outcomes |
At the end of this Module, the student should be able to:
1. identify the fundamental morphology of the religious phenomenon and the structuring categories of religious experience regarding other expressions of human culture;
2. Context historically and critically problematize the nature of the 'hierophanies' and the religious phenomenon.
3. Relate the essential characteristics of Judaism, Christianity (and Islam) as religious phenomena, with the genesis of the Philosophy of Religion in European Modernity;
4. Give an account and explain the nature of some of the philosophical criticisms of religion pursued throughout Western Modernity (e.g., Descartes, Spinoza, Kant, Hegel, Feuerbach, Nietzsche, and Freud).
5. To ask oneself about the ambiguity of the impulse towards transcendence present in human action.
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Syllabus |
1. The notions of religious phenomenon and religion. Questioning the universality of religious experience.
Hierophanies and the qualitative demarcation of space (sanctuary), time (calendar), and action (taboos). The Sacred-Profane opposition while the essence of the religious universe. The notions of myth, symbol, and rite. Philosophy versus Religion.
2. Philosophical hermeneutics of religion. A) Philosophy of religion as criticism of Judaism and Christianity in Modernity. B) The Protestant Reformation, the principle of free examination of the Scriptures and the subjective belief. The emergence of Secularization. C) The idea of 'Religion within the limits of simple reason', in Immanuel Kant. D) The theological-political hermeneutics of the young Hegel, in "The Spirit of Christianity and its Destiny": from the religion as "Entzweiung", and Entfremdung" to the religion as "Versöhnung”"(Volksreligion). E) From Hegel to Nietzsche, via Fuerbach and Marx.
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Main Bibliography |
DUQUE J. M. (2003), Dizer Deus na Pós-Modernidade, Lx., Alcalá.
ELIADE M. (s.d.), O Sagrado e o Profano, Lisboa, Ed. Livros do Brasil
FRAIJÓ M. (1994) Filosofía de la religión, Trotta, Madrid,
HEGEL G. W. Friedrich (2003), Esprit du christianisme et son destin, Paris, Vrin
HEIDEGGER M. (2002), «A palavra de Nietzsche "Deus morreu"», in Caminhos de Floresta, Lx., FCG, pp. 241-305.
KANT I. (2015), A Religião dentro dos limites da razão, Lx. Ed. 70,
KOLAKOWSKI L .(1985), Philosophie de la religion, Paris, Fayard
LUBAC H. de (1964), O Drama do Humanismo Ateu, Porto, Porto Editora
NIETZSCHE F. (1997), Para a Genealogia da Moral. Um escrito Polémico, in Obras Escolhidas de Nietzsche: Vol. VI, Lx., Círculo de Leitores.
OTTO Rudolf, O Sagrado, Lisboa, Ed. 70, [s.d.].
ROSA J. (2003; em col.), "Religião”", in VELBC – Edição Séc. XXI, vol. 25, Lx., Verbo, cols. 10-53.
SCHAEFFLER R. (1992), Filosofia da Religião, Lx, Edições 70
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Teaching Methodologies and Assessment Criteria |
Considering the discipline's reflective nature, the methodology of contact hours will involve the systematic presentation and explanation of topics, dialogue, and discussion with students, joint reading of texts and other materials (PowerPoints, images, films, etc.), and critical commentary. The program was designed assuming the students' physical presence.
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